Adventure on an Island

‘’John and Alice, for your exemplary performance in your year-end examinations, we are going for a little family holiday. ’’ said James Brown, father of John and Alice Brown. ‘’Where? Where? ’’ asked the children excitedly. ‘’We’re going to a place that offers unlimited peace and quiet. That place is Bermuda. And while you’re there†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ James spoke at length about proper etiquette and how it would affect them. Although it was quite boring, it would have benefitted them if they had paid attention instead of playing rock-paper-scissors. On the ship en route to Bermuda, the children lived like there was no tomorrow. They piled food on their plates with a lot of everything they liked. Sure enough, they couldn’t finish it. So they quietly poured the remnants of their unfinished food overboard. As they did this, a snippet of their father’s speech came back to them. ‘’When there is a lot of food, take only a little. If it isn’t enough, go back and take some more. This is much better than taking a lot and then throwing it away just because you can’t finish it. ’ ‘’It’s not like we are going to do this for the rest of our lives,’’ reasoned the children. ‘’It’s only the first time. Dad doesn’t have to know. ’’ Sadly, this wasn’t the only misconduct the children committed. They also took things offered by polite stewards and stewardesses without saying thank you. Laden with food and drink, the chi ldren were too lazy to properly dispose of the plastic wrappers from their snacks. Instead, the two irresponsible children burned those wrappers. ‘’Don’t ever burn things, especially plastic. Plastic is extremely toxic. Whatever you do, don’t burn it. ’’ ’’We’re actually saving space and helping people,’’ thought the children. ‘’ Don’t they burn plastic in incinerators? If we don’t burn them, these plastic is going to end up in landfills, which take up a lot of space. Yes, we’re doing a good thing. ’’ And soon after doing this, the two children fell asleep. The two children soon woke up to terrible heat on the island. ‘’Hey! Why is the sun so hot all of a sudden? ’’, wondered the children. Being clever children, they had the answer in no time. ’’It’s global warming! ’’ said Alice. ’The ozone is thinning because people burn plastic and†¦.. ‘’ she stopped in mid-sentence. ’’Oh dear, we just did it on the ship! ’’ said John. ‘’Oh, never mind John. What’s done is done. Why don’t we explore the island? ’’ On their way, they saw a small lake full of dead fish. Curious, the two children decided to investigate. The pond was saturated with rubbish! It wasn’t only rubbish but with bits of rotten food. ‘’Look at the rubbish! Wasn’t that the fried chicken we couldn’t finish? And aren’t those the bits of salad? What have we done? ’’ Shortly after that, they saw some gulls. Instead of white and grey, the gulls were black and some kind of liquid dripped from them. As the children came closer for a better look, they saw that the patch of sea that the gulls have previously risen from had a thick layer of oil above it. It was the last straw for the two. ‘’Enough! We can’t take anymore! ’’ cried the children. ‘’From now on, we’ll follow our father’s advice and never be wasteful! ’’ And that was when they woke up. Still thinking the terrible discovery was true, the children ran to their parents, confessed and apologized to them. ’ What nonsense! ’’ said James Brown. ‘’We are still on the ship, not an island! You two must be having a bad dream. Something to do with your overeating, I shouldn’t wonder. But it was a very good thing you two summoned up the courage to own up. Remember your dream so that you will never go wrong. ’’ And s o the Brown siblings learnt their lesson and changed their mindset towards the environment once and for all. Mother Nature is not infinite, the children learnt. Although she may be all-powerful, she still needs help. Let us take good care of the environment.

Independence of Student in University Life

Independence of Student in University Life â€Å"Away from home†, a rather simple and common phrase that is no stranger to most of the university students whom are studying overseas. Since young, as a child, we were living under the shades of our parents, handled with care in their hands. For them, we are as precious as diamonds, being protected under their wings and not knowing how the world look like because everything had been done for us by the love of our parents. Even when problem strikes, parents will definitely be the first to stand up for us and solve these difficulties without having us as children worry about it.Most of us are growing up in this protected environment; we are almost immune from the threats of the world. Bad news is, one day, you will have to leave that comfort zone and explore what the world has for you. That day will come when students are at the age of extending their studies in the overseas. No matter which university they are going, they would no t be able to bring their parents along. They will have to learn to be independent and know how to take care of themselves. It is a journey of life which most of us have to go through.Some may say that university life is a sign of torture because you are leaving your love ones behind, but mostly it is a process of life that helps gain our confidence towards society and letting us be independent and responsible. Many find it hard to achieve independence because most are raised in a perfect environment, which our parents have kindly built for us. Being independent is where you must have self-confident and such belief in yourself that you can achieve anything you have intent to get.Some people are emotionally dependent to their parents. Well, it is not a fault to depend on your parents because they will never steer you wrong and they love you very much. However, sooner or later, you will realize that they will not be there forever whenever you need them because â€Å"flower withers and human perishes†, one must not become overly attached or dependent on their parents but instead exercise self-contained and self-sufficient. Being independent does not mean that you have to abandon your friends and family and draw a line in between.You will still need someone to talk to during tough times and solve issues that you could not settle on your own. Parents and friends are the pillars that support you, even if they could not help you, they will certainly lend you listening ears, to hear you out whenever you need someone. This is normal as we are only human. As students walk into the world, they will face new things that they had never exposed to. Since they are the â€Å"newbies† of the world, it will be difficult for them to differentiate what is right and what is wrong, they will tend to try anything that seems new to them out of curiosity.Therefore, these overseas students must be strong in their stands and not easily swayed by negative activities such as smoking, drugs, vandalism and so on. The activities that they are participating now will definitely be an influence to their future. A wrong step might lead to a narrow or dim future. At this point, it will be the time to reap what our parents have sown into us – to see how much we have absorbed from their teaching and hopefully the roots of it grows deep in us to avoid temptations of life.In order to allow readers to visualize the big picture more clearly, I had personally interviewed 2 students whom are around school leaving age. A hospitality student, Clement Chai, whom is currently 19 years old stated that, â€Å"Well, before coming over to Singapore, my parents already taught me day by day on how to be independent. Basically living with them is already preparing me to live independently†. Another student that I had interviewed was a Korean student, Yee Won Chan. The 18-year-old enthusiastically mentioned that, â€Å"In such a modern country like Korea, I helped m yself to be very independent by learning and memorizing directions.This has helped me a lot whenever I went overseas. I would never miss my school bus as I would always use the right road to get to the bus station and memorizing would always get me back home before the last train. I wouldn't stress myself too much as I know it would only trouble me and so I took things simple and have a simple life at home†. Based on the above interviews, we can determine that learning to be independent is where the parents must learn to let go of their children and letting them make their own decisions as how Clement Chai has stated previously.This in a way will show the kids that different decisions will lead to different consequences and they will have to learn from it. This is all part of the learning process of being independent. A child has to learn that mum and dad are not going to be always there for you. Hence, at one point, they will have to rely on their own abilities to achieve the ir own goals and for that to happen, parents need to allow kids to experience the real world that they aren't always there to fix the problem.Nevertheless, some people might still live with their parents after finishing university, but university is a step forward which will allow them to learn how to be â€Å"on their own† so to say. For example, managing finances, taking care of the car, making sure to have sufficient food and so on. In a nutshell, university is indeed a platform and also a battleground to train students to become more independent. There may be tough times where these students might not be able to have things done on their own. A true testimony will be from me personally, I lived in Kota Kinabalu but for a better study environment, I have to come to Kuala Lumpur.What strikes me the most is the fear of leaving home. My parents used to do everything for me and I did not know how it is like to be out there in the world. But now when I face problem, there is no body there anymore to help me out. In this situation, I have learned to be independent, doing my own chores, solving problems, save money, and also cook my own meal. It is not easy doing all these but one thing for sure, this has turn me into a strong girl who is able to face the society with strength and confident.

Leaving Microsoft to Change the World Coursework

Leaving Microsoft to Change the World - Coursework Example book Leaving Microsoft to Change the World He gains confidence and skill through his journey. That said, he never shows leadership for the organisation, as he meets these women, and pretty much sends them on their way to do their thing in these other countries, with very little guidance or management from Wood himself. Because of this, this book should not be looked upon as a book for leaders, and to provide guidance on how to lead people, because this is not where Wood’s skills lie. In fact, his lack of leadership arguably hurts the project, as he is never able to gather a team for himself or for the other branches of the project in other countries. This paper will describe how the project came together, how he got his fundraising teams together, how the project branched out to other countries and also analyses the governance of the project. The personality traits of Wood is pertinent to the discussion of Wood’s leadership, because these traits have a bearing on how he leads. One of the personality traits that Wood shows throughout the book is a sense of independence. This is shown in the fact that he left the high-powered job at Microsoft in the first place to go to Nepal. Moreover, the overall personality trait that he exhibits is one of empathy and compassion. An ordinary man would not be moved as much as he was by his initial visit to Nepal. At least, an ordinary man would not be moved to give up his entire life to help the people of that country.

Acquisition Team Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acquisition Team - Research Paper Example primarily, acquisition constitutes a process that functions and bears results based on interdependence and cooperation of various aspects in the contracting process (Engelbeck, 2002). Furthermore, acquisition team is what makes the process of acquisition succeed, based on the set goals. Moreover, formation of the team should reflect aspects of integration, interrelation, cooperation, and collaboration with enhanced communication networks. Business Opportunity Opportunity Title: Z-Full Seepage Blanket Extension, Bolivar Dam, Ohio Solicitation Number: W91237-11-B-0006 Agency: Department of the Army Office: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Office Location: USACE District, Huntington URL: https://www.fbo.gov/?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=c88569da75a9388b1203f6f44e4a9fc7&tab=core&_cview=0. This is one of the projects owned by the Department of Army, and solicitation for the project awaits posting of notice for contractors. The project largely involves contractors initiating an action-plan of pl acing fill material on the downstream side of the Bolivar Dam in Bolivar, Ohio State. Included in the work to be performed are base contract plus two options. On the part of Base Contract, construction of a portion will take place at downstream seepage blanket, a terrace filter blanket extension, 450’ of storm sewer, and tree and brush clearing around the left abutment of the dam (FedBizOpps, N.d). On the part of two options, option (1) will involve construction of remainder of the downstream seepage blanket and 530’ of storm sewer. Option (2) will involve construction of the right abutment seepage blanket (FedBizOpps, N.d). The process of constructing seepage blankets will largely involve borrow material from an on-site borrow area, whereby, the portion of material will be purchased by the contractor from commercial source (FedBizOpps, N.d). Construction to be done will take place on government owned-land, which will be the same thing happening for borrow and spoil ar eas. Research has indicated that there will be need for roads (Haul roads) connecting borrow and spoil areas and subsequently linking them to seepage blankets. The whole project is estimated to cost between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 (FedBizOpps, N.d). The delivery (completion) of the project is estimated will take 635 calendar days after the initial date when authorization of the project commencement notice is received. Sections of FAR Act will guide some of the operations of the project such that, 25% of total contract performance incurred for personnel should be expended for employees of the prime contractor. Acquisition Team Engelbeck (2002) observes that Acquisition needs to be perceived as the process that connects the needs of customers and overall satisfaction derived by the customers. Further, Acquisition is a process of steps and activities involving identifying requirements (needs), acquisition planning, preparation of the solicitation, source selection, negotiation, and contract award, performance and closeout (Engelbeck, 2002). Success of acquisition process has been attached to ability to institute acquisition team that is multi-organizational as well as cross-functional in nature. Therefore, given the nature of the above project, the following experts are deemed critical to the success of the acquisition process. Program Manager (PM) The acquisition process only succeeds or fails from efforts, skills, and knowledge of the PM. This is a professional whose shoulders hold the entire work-process of acquisition, and the direction the PM takes will greatly define the success, failure or progress of the project

Supply Chains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supply Chains - Essay Example Consumers are also inquiring about environmental strategies from the companies since they are aware of the global warming and the ecological matters. Companies will have to explain to the consumers how green their production processes are and how their waste materials are recycled. Supply Chains and networks Supply chains and networks plan is the act of finding and reducing services in the supply chain. In the plan, the mode of transportation, how to look for the market and the nature of the services are determined to provide the best service to the customer at the reduced cost possible. Two plants can produce a commodity and it can be supplied to three different chains before it gets to the customer. The plan offers the most convenient and efficient means to reduce such inconveniences. A good plan improves a company’s supply chain in the following areas Minimized costs Reduced account levels Low transport costs Good asset returns Good and reliable customer service A company e njoys competitive advantage when its goods and services are of better quality and prove to be acceptable by the consumer. A company’s competitive advantage can be determined by - Time- this is when a company can produce and process more goods quicker than the other processes. This advantage improves the profits and the product value. Cost- this is when a company spends less in the processing than the other. Cost advantage occurs where there is a better mechanized procedure and good mechanization which enhance competence. Quality Advantage- this is where a bigger company produces goods with less faults that the substandard ones. A company should ensure that all products of the same brand are of the same quality and result. The quality of the goods or commodities and their delivery is determined by the following factors:- Accessibility of resources When there are readily available raw materials, the cost of fetching for the materials is greatly reduced. Transport costs and the labour cost is greatly reduced. This also affects the quality of the goods supplied and how they are delivered to the consumer. Amount of purchases The amount of purchases a company produces greatly affects the quality and the distribution. A company delivers its products to the consumer depending on the necessity of the goods. Corporate responses Changes in climate have brought concern to business because it presents threats to companies (e.g. oil companies). In the 21st century, environmental dilapidation cost of materials and energy rise, in search of economic development have turned out to be clearer. Increased greenhouse emissions, destruction of the ozone layer and forests prove that there is a problem. Figures from the World Bank have shown that poverty has risen and many people live on fewer than 2 dollars each day (Wilsner 2011). This shows that issues of consumer options and control have been neglected. It is now the main challenge for humanity to find reasonable and susta inable behaviours to manufacture survive and consume. In 1992 a corporate, Rio Earth Summit assumed search of sustainability as its main aim. The challenge is to turn the goals into reality in the wake of hostile atmosphere and the global economy (Branch 2008). Social and ecological issues have been key hindrance to companies marketing their goods. The key issues in a supply chain management include- The planned

Description of Temple Run Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Description of Temple Run Game - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the player is required to collect coins on the way in form of diamond coins primarily yellow but depending on coin value, they can change to red and blue. The collected coins are eventually used in the games store where the player can buy power ups that are beneficial to unlock characters. Mega coins retail at 150coins which is the coin value three times. Boosts helps up to 1000meters as the invisibility lasts 30seconds. Two point coins starts at 1000meters while three point coin starts at 2000meters. As the player continues to survive the higher score, he accumulates points which are five times the value of collected coins.  This study stresses that the target of Temple Run Brave is virtually everyone. Its’ design ensures it can be used by almost everyone who owns a smartphone, tablet or computer and loves speed and racing. The extensive market research that the Temple Run app did is the cause of their success in the flooded market. It is important to note that in the over one billion smartphone and tablets users, games command more than 40% of the time spent on apps. Temple Run has been designed in such a way that it is easy to learn starting from simple to complex tasks. This allows a wide range of users depend on their capabilities and age. The predictable playing pattern allows for all genders to play it hence a wide market range.  Temple Run can be played by children, young adults and adults with a smartphone, tablets, laptops and computers. It is easy to download and can also be played offline.

Enterprise Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enterprise Architecture - Essay Example After the identifying the mission statement, the objectives for the implementation process are laid out. The objectives or goals are what the organization wants to achieve when undertaking the implementation process. The objectives are sometimes the problems faced by the organizations’ current system. The evaluation of these problems is what usually determines what the organization will do. Due to the problems faced by the organization, the objectives tend to be challenging, but they should always be achievable (Saha, 2007). If possible, they should be set in a way that progress can be monitored and this can be done, for example, by setting milestones. With the monitoring of milestones or process in general, it is easier to correct mistakes that are made during implementation as opposed to correcting the errors at the end. This also reduces chances of mistakes that will arise as a result of previous errors, making it even harder to correct them.  Once the objectives have bee n laid out, the organization has to do a situational analysis of the factors that affect it and determine how to reach the objectives. There is no specific set of steps that will always guarantee the fulfillment of all the objectives. Since all organizations are faced with different kinds of external environmental factors and different internal factors, careful analysis has to be done. Sometimes, the external factors help the organization in achieving some of the objectives it has set. Due to this possibility, a survey of the environment is usually done.

Labor Law DB 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labor Law DB 4 - Essay Example If the employer does not comply with this law and goes ahead to employ an alien, the employer may face both civil and criminal liability. This comes with the imposition of huge fines ranging from $100 to $1000 for each hire. They could as well face imprisonment for a pattern or practice of non-compliance (Aguilera & Michael p 240-1). I highly agree with these consequences. This is because the IRCA is enacted to help solve the problem of the massive illegal immigration into the country. This is together with all the policies behind this law, which are imposed by the federal government for the sake of greater control and stronger enforcement mechanisms. Therefore to support the federal government create conducive environment for the citizen, the employers must adhere to these laws (Pan, Ying p 18-23). Patricia can employ a variety of policies and procedures to ensure that they comply with this law. Their recruitment procedures must therefore be open, transparent and in line with the laws. This means they simply need to align their company policies to the laws of the land for smooth

Political perspective to decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Political perspective to decision making - Essay Example Organizational decision making takes place at different levels. Most of the crucial organizational decisions entail distribution of limited resources in the various departments or segments. They are significant in the identification of the most appropriate way to share resources. Due to scarcity of resources, political actions arise making the decision making process to have a political perspective. Most of the competition is usually exhibited by the organizations while searching for leadership and personnel positions that influence decision making. Political influence in decision making creates differences in the organizational dynamics making power to become a significant resource. Power enables those who hold it in an organization to have a substantial control in decision making. This essay discusses the political perspectives in decision making and their main implications. Organizations are usually an alliance of several individuals who have personal dreams expectations, weaknesses and strengths. These alliances are the fundamentals of the political perspectives, whose existence is attributed to the presence of division of labor in the business. According to Pettigrew (1985 p. 42), â€Å"associated career, rewards and individual status are the core sources of the political perspectives†. In his view, the occurrence of interest groups usually originates from the existence matching objectives within the group members. On the other hand, the differences that exist in the organizational hierarchy amongst the different groups facilitate the occurrence of the political perspectives. Differences come as a result of issues such as the members who have been newly recruited in the group and the pioneers, and others such as the traditionalists and those who want changes to be made in the organizational structures. The variations in opinions between these groups lead to the presence of sub units that are charac1terized by

Emphysema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emphysema - Essay Example revention, there already had been 12, 790 deaths recorded in the United States only in the year 2007 caused by emphysema alone, while 3.8 million adults were diagnosed with the disease in the year 2008 (â€Å"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary,† 2010). As emphysema affects people, this paper aims to increase the readers’ knowledge on what it is, its signs and symptoms, treatments, and other issues surrounding it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emphysema is one form of COPD in addition to chronic bronchitis. It is chronic as it is develops as a result of â€Å"many years of assault on lung tissues from cigarette smoke or other toxins that pollute the air† (Lewis, 1999, p. 1). The American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society (2004) define it as â€Å"the presence of permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis† (p. 8). Naturally, the lungs have defenses such as macrophages and other free-roving cells that protect it from foreign particles that could impair its natural functions of breathing and oxygenation. However, this protection from the invading particles is only limited (Boyce, 1997, p. 80). Continued smoking or exposure to polluted air, the main risk factors of emphysema, cause the particles to â€Å"tend to stay in the lungs and can cause lung damage† by scarring or forming fibrosis resulting to air sac walls being destroyed leading to COPD and other lung diseases (Crowley, 2010, p. 379; Boyce, 1997, pp. 80-81). Some reports providing link between the developments of emphysema after dental treatments have also started to appear (Gamboa-Vidal, Vega-Pizarro, & Almeida-Arriagada, 2007). Nonetheless, further studies to support such claims are still suggested. In continuation, the function of the substance elastin that allows flexibility in lungs becomes impaired with smoking habits and exposure to air pollutants (Parkinson, 2007, p. 22). The release of substance

Initial Public Offerings Paper Essay Example for Free

Initial Public Offerings Paper Essay In order for a company to build their business, many pursue to either merge with another company or acquisitions from another company. Another option a company should consider when building their business is to make an Initial Public Offering. An initial public offering is the first sale of stock by a company to the public. A company can raise money by issuing either debt or equity (Know Finance., n.d.). Microsoft, Apple, and Samsung have stepped into the stock market by their IPO. These strides are what it takes to raise money and what roles help the company begin an IPO. Most corporations agree to an initial public offering with an investment banking firm by acting in the capacity of an underwriter. An investment banker is a person who works in a financial institution that primarily goal is to raise capital for companies, governments and other entities (Investopedia, n.d.). An underwriter is a person that provides several financial services that includes helping with assessing the value of shares and establishing a public market for first sales (Investopedia, n.d.). An underwriter responsibility is allotting securities issued to the public. There are several risks that are involved in a public offering. Initial public offering stocks is one of the risks involved in public offering (Financial Web, 2014). This is sometimes called going public because the stock is offered first to the public. Share, the risks of the company, can sometimes be profitable, but a risk too. An investor, shareholder, or individual may be at risks if they invest their money within a company that is going public for the first time (Financial Web, 2014). Pricing of good is one of the risks that are involved in a public offering. Pricing goods too high or too low is not acceptable in the public offering. Investors and shareholders will not invest in a company if there are any issues with the pricing. A firm and their investors will lose money their money if the price of goods is priced too low. This may cause investors to pull out of the firm corporation (Financial Web, 2014). Loss of income and revenue may sometimes make the underwriters hold the inventory and additional funds. Long holding period and lack of information are other risks that are involved in a public offering. Lack of information may cause investors to pull out of the firm because the firm failed to provide all of the documents and files. Long holding period may cause a decrease in stock price. The  U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) protects the investors, maintain fair, efficient markets, orderly, and facilitate capital formation (Bridge Capital Inc., 2014). The SEC deals with industries by monitoring, managing the terms of sales by preliminary prospectus and setting rules and regulations for companies. Preliminary prospectus is when the company and the securities are issues to the firm. A firm will have provided their income statement, balance sheets, its current activities, and other documents that provide information about the firm. The Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PSLRA) was put in act to increase the success in private litigation for securities fraud. References: Initial Public Offering (IPO) | Know Finance. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.knowfinance.com/ipo/ Investment Banker Definition | Investopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentbanker.asp Underwriter Definition | Investopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underwriter.asp Financial Web. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.finweb.com/investing/therisksofinitialpublicofferingstocks.com Bridge Capital Inc. (2014). Retrieved from http://bridge.com

The Recreational Gaming Zone

The Recreational Gaming Zone Statement of Financing needed: In order establish a new business, we need approximately Rs.50 Millions. In which half of the financing will be accessed through our Partners and the remaining will be accessed through Banks, investment companies and other financing companies. Statement of Confidentiality Report: This report is confidential and is the property of the co-owners as listed above. It is intended for use only by the persons to whom it is transmitted, and any reproduction of any of its contents without the prior written consent of the company is prohibited. Executive Summary The keys to success for The Recreational Gaming Zone is our ability to market effectively, creating an unmatched, cool, marvelous, and felicitous atmosphere where people will like to be, and hiring qualified/certified and skilled and knowledgeable staff to aid in the running of our programs and leagues. The sports and fitness club industry is a booming business that offers considerable turnover for individuals investing in it. The company provides a wide range of indoor sports services. Customers can join the sports club for a justified monthly fee. The large number of sports customers represents an attractive pool of prospective customers. The customers are private customers. The expected revenue is between à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. in the first year. The goal of this start-up is the operation of an indoor sports center Industry Analysis: Over the next five years, the sports industry is forecasted to show moderate growth, largely driven by demography and new entertainment opportunities. The company expects that the sports industry is undergoing significant change from professional sports to entertainment. Future outlook and trends: A brief analysis of the industry has provided us with the following facts and trends that might follow in the future. With the rapid change coming in the technological environment the establishment is expecting to face immense competition in the coming era. The company intends to pursue a strategy aimed at delivering sustainable growth in earnings and company value. The company expects that the highly fragmented market and its anticipated growth provide an opportunity for expanding the companys business and increasing its overall market share. The key strategies of the company are to: produce high quality sports experience increase the number of customers by making strategic investments, improving service quality. Demographic facts: Regarding economic trends and outlooks the income is at booming level and is expected to grow with the same pace in the area of Gujrat. Per capita income in Gujrat District was Rs. 1625/- compared to overall Punjab (Rs. 1389/- per month). In district Gujrat 34 percent people are living below the income level of Rs. 750 per month compared to Punjab where 39 percent people live under poverty line of Rs. 750/- per month (Government of Punjab, 2004).About 75-80% of the heads supporting families of the city reside in foreign countries particularly European countries, UK, U.S, and Gulf Region to earn their income. This has also fostered a belief in us to initiate a project like this in our chosen operational area. Beside the population of the city has also increasing vigorously. This increment in population coupled with an increase in the income level of the inhabitants has provided a strong opportunity for our business to thrive in the coming time. Analysis of competitors: Currently there is only one potential competitor in our locality, a project initiated by Zamindar Degree College. Other potential competitors might be organizations that can offer high technology like Virtual Reality to their customers, a product more advanced than the mere computer games offered by our entity to its prospects. From the industry data it is evident that sports business is a thriving business with strong market growth rate, and rate of return for investors. Our establishment is offering unique services and options contrary to our potential competitor in our locality. There are a number of benefits and advantages our business has got over competitors, like better gaming options, timing hours, a rich and diversified target market, and other geographic advantages. Market Segmentation: Based on the analysis of market we have decided to differentiate the market on the basis of gender, income, age and stage in the life cycle, usage status, and usage rate. On the basis of stage in the life cycle the categories include singles, married couples with children, married but without children, and retired individuals. The individuals meeting the criterion of income include those having income level of Rs. 40000 and above. In addition individuals having savings of Rs. 30000+ are also included among our prospects. The criterion of income applies to all other segments as well i.e. individuals coming under the heading of singles, married individuals and others should also have the above mentioned income level. Single females are prohibited to get membership in our venture. This classification has specifically been made by looking at culture of the locality of operation of our business. However there is no restriction for the membership of males. Separate timing hours have been organized for both singles and family memberships keeping in view the convenience of both categories. There are no age limits on getting membership in our gaming zone. But again the restriction and conditions described above equally apply to individuals of all ages and gender. Under the heading of user status come tourists, and other members like businessmen, teachers, engineers working at prominent positions, and similar knowledgeable intellectuals. Separate timing hours matching their schedules would be arranged, along with special promotion offers pertained to attract and retain them would be considered. Tourists another small market segment for The Entertainer will be the tourists who are attracted to the facility because of its size and appearance. Description of the Venture: Mission: It is our mission to provide the best programs, staff, and equipment, to fully meet the various sports and fitness needs of our members, while generating a profit for the owners and investors. Besides providing an excellent value to our customers Description: The Recreational gaming zone is a new multisport complex that will provide both members and casual users an opportunity to participate in a variety of sports and leisure programs and activities. The establishments main purpose is to provide an environment of pleasure and choice to its members seeking fun, recreation, and excitement by providing a myriad of strategic, adventurous, and other pleasure oriented gaming options. We have started this venture to provide residents of the locality with a completely new option to fulfill their need of refreshment and having fun. Currently the sports opportunities available to masses of the city are rapidly depleting due to increased population, and advancement in industry which has turned rural areas into urban ones. There is currently no other option in the city that matches our establishment. Currently there is only one major Playing Ground namely Zahoor Elahi Stadium operating in the city. Besides this there are some gymnasiums and karate clubs as well; however none of these provide opportunities comparable to our venture. So in order to avail the opportunity to satisfy our customers needs of refreshment we have decided to include versatile games in our venture like Bowling, chess, snooker, table tennis, and with relatively new technology based computer games to entertain children by grabbing their attention and sensation. The uniqueness of our idea has offered us with high chances of success, for there is currently no close competitor operational in our target market area. Only one such club is under construction near Marghazar Colony under the custody of Zamindar Degree College, which is directed to provide sports facility to respective college students and faculty members. No membership option is available to people of local community in this sports complex. We have chosen a site located near Chenab River, occupying a total area of 1 acre. A total of Rs. 10 Million has been spent out to purchase the land. The site has provided us with a strategic position to better target population of two major districts namely Gujrat, and Gujranwala, and their suburbs. In this way we are better able to gain first mover advantage by initiating this unique project oriented to capture the market of particularly Gujrat and secondly Gujranwala. Hence by choosing this locality to situate our business we are in a position of market leader and therefore can get high rate of return on our investment. High cost volumes have been incurred to acquire land and other capital necessary for full functioning of the venture. Every thing is purchased and nothing is acquired on lease. The budget to initiate such a costly project is expected to be round about Rs.40 to 50 million. Up to 50% of the financing is decided to be made through Banks and investment firms. The venture would comprise of single story building, including two major partitions. One portion is entirely dedicated to Bowling court which would consist of 25 columns. While the rest of the area is reserved for other games mentioned above in the discourse. Special endeavor has been paid to match the facility with latest standards. Besides these efforts to provide food arrangement have also been made to relinquish our customers. As this facility is completely new to our potential customers so we have also explored the option of trainers, to guide them and help them to get familiar with rules, and policies involved in playing games available at the establishment, during their membership with the institution. For this purpose we have hired the expertise of well reputed trainers working in established organizations similar to ours in other cities like Lahore, Faisalabad and others. This option to provide expert trainers for our customers was also necessary because none of the entrepreneurs initiating the venture has been expert in the field dealt by the establishment. Keys to Success The Keys to Success for The Recreational Gaming Zone are as follows: Marketing: We must make The Recreational Gaming Zone a common name in the Gujrat and creatively market our services to each of our market segments. Atmosphere of facility: By creating an unmatched cool atmosphere in the gaming zone through the use of first class equipment, floors, and colors, people will want to frequent visit our facility and our ability to retain members will be enhanced. Knowledgeable/qualified staff and management: By providing the users of the facility with knowledgeable and qualified staff who show genuine concern for the patrons, people will feel comfortable and confident that The RGZ can meet all of their sport and fitness needs. Production Plan: Recreational gaming zone is a service oriented entity in contrast to manufacturing business. Hence there is no section of production plan included in the business plan of this venture. This section is mainly discussed in the business plans of manufacturing businesses. What we need to discuss here is to list the sources of supplies of games involved. Some of the supplies include pins used in bowling, the bowls that will be used for rolling, snooker balls, sticks for playing snooker, badminton shuttles and rackets, technical assistance in the successful implementation of computer games plus fixation of any defects, pieces used in the playing of chess and the boards on which the game is played, and finally the necessary equipment required in the playing of table tennis. Suppliers and their Location: Principal suppliers of our utilities are operating in Sialkot, Lahore and Gujrat as well based on the specialization of different regions. The accessories required in the playing of table tennis, badminton, and snooker can be found at least cost from the companies situated in Sialkot. The rest of the equipment particularly things made of wood would be procured from the suppliers at Gujrat, which is well known for its wood works. All the remaining items not available from the specified regions would be purchased from suppliers in Lahore. Operational Plan: The operational plan of the business is simple and straight forward. The company intends to sell its memberships to its prospects. Initial membership fee is fixed at Rs. 5000 for all members regardless of their category. As all the operations are carried out entirely at the establishment facility so the operational plan of our venture is somewhat different from most other service oriented businesses. The requirement of additional major capital is seldom, because it includes relatively long term assets and thus need not be purchased on a continual basis rather occasionally for e.g. in case of breakage of snooker tables or table tennis ones. On the other extreme there is often a need of utilities like shuttles, pins, rackets, to name a few. So it has been decided to keep an adequate stock of these items to meet the regular demands of customers adequately and instantaneously, plus reducing the costs associated with the storage of surplus inventory. There is an arrangement of separate department at RGZ to monitor the working of various operations performed. The hierarchy at the organization is depicted in the following diagram. The company intends to starts operations in the region of Jehlum city as well after two years of operations. This location is selected by looking at the charming market providing great potential for our business to thrive. Marketing Manager Goals: Establish valued relations with customers and employees Create awareness in the market place Providing the good environment. Make the policy attractive more and more people Flow of orders for goods and services Technology utilizations Finance: Finance is considered a backbone of any entity particularly the one going to establish newly. At RGZ the finance department has the following working described below Finance Manager: Responsibilities: Financial reporting. Checking cash inflow and outflows Profit and loss statements of monthly opening and closing. Prepare and review budget, revenue, expense, payroll entries, invoices, and other accounting documents. Check of proper working of the cashier. Budgeting Serial No. Item Registration Fee Membership Fee Monthly fee 1 Snooker Rs.500 Rs.5000 Rs.2500 2 Table Tennis 500 5000 2500 3 Chess 500 5000 2500 4 Bowling 1000 5000 2500 5 Computer games 500 5000 2500 Total 3000 5000 2500 The salaries of various employees working at RGZ are given in the table drawn below HRM DEPARTMENT: Recruitment / Selection of Personnel: Recruitment/selection criteria Employee orientation and training Compensation and Benefit Packages: Employee Bonus Base Pay (Salary) Medical Benefits Basic Needs Advance Salary Marketing Plan Effective marketing together with consistent promotion are the keys to success. The company focuses on a comprehensive web marketing and classical marketing strategy designed to attract new customers, convert leads into sales, and maximize revenue. In the start-up phase it is a central task of the marketing concept to establish name recognition and its own trade mark. Several marketing and sales promotion strategies are available in the industry to choose from. Later on the strategy will primarily be targeted to gain new customers and create customer loyalty of repeat customers. Market Research: Prior to starting our venture we have estimated the size and intentions of our prospects. The research data was very conducive for the opening of the venture of the type in discussion. The following chart depicts the response our prospects have provided to us. Research Methodology: The research methodology adopted consisted of the following contents. Both the primary and secondary sources of data collection options were explored as, EXPLORATORY RESEARCH INTERVIEWS QUESTIONNAIRE SAMPLING TECHNIQUE SWOT analysis of RGZ: The principal strengths of our venture are the unique games provided compared to our current competitors. The chosen site has also provided us with first mover advantage, for there is no present comparable venture operational in the region under consideration. Among the weaknesses come options that we have not included yet, such as swimming pool, Basket Ball, karate club, and other products that have been available from our close competitors like pace, AFC and others. There is a strong potential for the venture to gain advantage from the opportunity of first move plus innovation by reaping the rewards from prospective customers, for there is no alternative to our venture, to which they might refer as substitute. By using this opportunity we are in a better position to obtain high rate of returns on our investment, a part demonstrated in the financial section of the plan. The major threat as described earlier is the innovation and improved technology that might be introduced by our potential competitors in the future. Specifically if any competitor that enters the market with relatively advanced technology in the coming next two years can pose a serious threat to the profits generating capability of the sports complex. Another recent threat comes from the political scenario prevailing in the country, particularly war against terrorism, and the resulting bomb blasts and explosions made by extremists in various parts of the Country. To avoid this threat special endeavor would be made to void any security lapse. Competitor analysis: The information on this topic has been covered earlier in the plan however here a concise detail regarding the topic is made. The company is in a sense market leader, with no comparative competitors operational in the locality. A portion of competition comes from establishments like AFC, Pace, and Zamindar Degree College Sports Complex (under construction), due to somewhat similar products offered by these institutions, and in some cases offering products that have not been included in our planning operations. Despite all these our company has significant strategic advantage over our current and potential competitors. The product offering at the RGZ is completely unique in all aspects. Games like chess, bowling have a strong market potential and are currently offered by less similar establishments working in the surrounding areas of our venture. Marketing Objectives at RGZ: Marketing plays an important role in the survival of any business .The success of the co. in market depends considerably upon the role of marketing department. RGZ consists of marketing department with high aptitudes and innovative ideas in sports centers. Here a marketing manager, and sale manager, dealing officer, assistant manager and several other employees are working within marketing department. Specific Marketing Department Goals: By looking at the outcomes from the conducted SWOT analysis of RGZ and by completing competitor analysis the following main objectives for RGZ marketing plan have been set. Sell 750 memberships in year one, 1200 by the end of year two, and 2000 by the end of year three. Organize and develop various sports leagues and market them effectively. Provide young generation of Gujrat and surroundings a good entertaining plate form Show at least a 10% return to investors in the first year of operation. Marketing Strategies: Due to the size and convenient location of our facility, many people will be attracted to The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) to see what we have to offer. However, we will not be content to just wait for customers to come to us. Instead, we will focus our marketing strategies on those market segments who match our offerings. The great thing about marketing The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) is that each market segment relates, in certain ways, to all the others. Our main objective with our early marketing strategy will be to get people into our facility. Once people see what we have to offer, and feel the atmosphere that will be created, they will want to return and participate in the many activities and programs that will be available to them. Some of the ways The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) will get people into the facility include: Offering tours to junior and senior high schools during the building and early completion stages of the facility. Having a large promotional event to open the facility that will be free to everyone. Hosting and/or supporting various community events that will bring in many people who otherwise would not come. Mailing out free day passes to all of the surrounding area. Following the opening of The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ), print and radio media will be used to promote both the facility and the programs that are being offered to attract new people from all over the Gujrat and surrounding target market areas. Target Market Segment Strategy: Advertising Media Used Sales Strategies Sales promotion Public relations Pricing Print advertising Direct marketing The company uses direct-response advertising, including television, internet and other media, to attract buyers to the center. Advertising Advertising is any paid form of non-personal communication of ideas or products in the prime media i.e. television, newspapers, magazines, billboards, posters, radio, cinema etc. Advertising is intended to persuade and to inform. Advertisement Objectives: To create maximum awareness of this new sports complex among the people and tell them how important health for anyone. To build a strong brand equity by having a distinct position in the minds of the customers. Media Usage for Advertisements (Budget Requirements): FM Radio Print advertising Direct marketing Cable TV Ads Online marketing Online marketing The Company has the budget and strategy that allows it to use dozens of traffic providers to link to its core web site www.RGZ.com.pk . Newspaper advertising is an integral and desired part of the marketing strategy. Print media advertising is a mass communication tool. Printed advertisements will be used in national and international magazines to increase the number of customers. Marketing cooperation the best way to find out who would make a good partner is to research the potential businesses in the industry. Direct marketing The company uses direct-response advertising, including television, internet and other media, to attract buyers to the center. Media Used Time/Type Duration Total Costs (Rs.) Cable TV 6:00 pm to 11:00 pm 30 seconds 100000 monthly Radio 6:00 am to 10:00pm 45 seconds 60000 monthly Banners Handwritten 50000 annually Print Adverts. 100000 annually Public Relations Providing them proper coaching to run machines. Oversee game management operation Provide instant help to any member when he/she need. Organizing some programs on events like Eid, and other important events. Oversee and provide guidance for the scheduling of all athletic and recreational facilities including the developing of a price structure and the procedures to bill and collect all fees charged. Strategy and Implementation The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) has a very large potential market. Because of the small number of recreation and fitness facilities in the Gujrat City, we feel we will become the number one sports and fitness complex quickly. This will be accomplished by actively and continuously promoting The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) through radio and media advertisements. Sales Strategy Sales in the sport and fitness club business are based on the services and amenities provided by the facility. The something for everyone slogan fits perfectly with The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ). All of the users of our facility must feel like they are getting the best possible value out of their money. If there is a better value, for equal services, The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) will match or beat that value for our customers. Each person desiring a membership at The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) will be able to sit down with a representative and be notified of all of their membership policies, terms and conditions. During this brief discussion, the person will be also be informed of all of the services, programs, and amenities The Recreational Gaming Zone (RGZ) has to offer. It will be important to establish a relationship of trust with our members as retaining membership is equally important as developing new customers. Sales promotion Sales promotion strategies have temporary effects only. Sales promotion will be used for a limited time to increase the number of customers. The strategy will include special offers with opening discounts for new customers. The initial membership prices will be reduced by 50% for the first three months. Organizational Plan Company Ownership The Entertainer will be a Limited Partnership  corporation that will be privately owned. Eight partners will own the company Identification of Partners: The principal partners of the venture are Mr. Usman Shaukat Mr. Faisal Amjad Mr. Fawad Saleem Mr. Hassan Mushtaq Mr. Qasim Javed Mr. Mohammad Babar Mr. Mohammad Adeel Mr. Fawad Zaman All these partners have contributed with the same percentage in the total equity of venture. Up to Rs. 0.8 Million has been paid by each party. While the remaining part has been financed from Banks and financing firms. Authority of Principals: The authority is distributed uniformly among all the entrepreneurs. There is no difference in potential for different principals. Management Summary and Background: The entrepreneurs will stay within their expertise in running the day-to-day operations of the facility, along with running and developing various leagues and programs for the community. Back-up for the general partners will include staff members who will compensate for the founders lack of experience in each area. For example, qualified personnel will be hired for the food and beverage and fitness areas. General help staff will be hired on a need basis as the users of the facility increase. There will also be a janitor hired for basic cleanliness and maintenance of the complex. The Entertainer will have a total staff of 13 people in the first year of operation. It is projected that an additional three people will be added each year for the next two years. The majority of the salaries are projected to raise 5% per year for the first three years. This estimate may be conservative. Assessment of Risks: Among the weaknesses come options that we have not included yet, such as swimming pool, Basket Ball, karate club, and other products that have been available from our close competitors like pace, AFC and others. New technologies: We are providing the latest technology in RGZ. And we expecting that for the next 2-5 years, the possibility of change in technology will be low. Financial Plan: Important Assumptions The financial plan depends on important assumptions, from the beginning, we recognize that collection days are critical, but not a factor we can influence easily. At least we are planning on the problem, and dealing with it. Interest rates, tax rates, and personnel burden are based on conservative assumptions. Some of the more important underlying assumptions are: We assume a normal economy(not very strong as in Pakistan), with recession. We assume the rate of growth for the number of sports club memberships will continue. The company assumes that a number of trends are likely to further increase the demand for indoor sports. Break-even analysis: The risk analysis considers critical factors that may lead to a failure of the business concept. Such factors can involve failures during the implementation phase as well as during operations. Such potential factors are ordered according to the probability at which they can arise. Shown are the key factors that can lead to the failure. Data is drawn from surveys from five businesses with different services as well as revenue and cost structures. Growth is the core strategy of the company. Development activities require a high level of funding over a long period of time and, over the course of its existence, the company intends to develop or acquire other companies. There is no assurance that additional funding will be available to the company in the future or be secured on acceptable terms. If adequate additional funds are not available, the growth of the company might be significantly lower. The company may be unable to adjust spending quickly enough to offset any unexpected revenue shortfall. If the company has a shortfall in revenue in relation to the expenses, the operating results will suffer. The operating results for any particular quarter may not be indicative of future operating results. The company will experience a period of rapid growth that will result in new and increased responsibilities for existing management personnel. Further, the company will employ a number of additional senior management personnel. The companys growth is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on the companys management and operating and financial systems. . Insufficient demand and wrong capacity frequently leads to business failure. This includes permanently low demand as well as a temporary collapse in demand. Often demand estimates were too optimistic at the outset. Such failures might also come from external shocks instead of operating deficiencies. Disruptions or management failures may cause interruptions in service or reduced revenues. If service is not restored in a timely manner, this would reduce revenues or increase costs. Service disruptions could also damage

The importance to auditing of concept of audit risks

The importance to auditing of concept of audit risks Messie, Glover, Prawitt Boh, Margaret , 2007 stated that audit risk is the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated. In simple terms, audit risk is the risk that an auditor will issue an unqualified opinion when the financial statements contain material misstatement. ISA 200 states that auditor should plan and perform the audit to reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level that is consistent with the objective of an audit. (Auditing and Assurance Standard) AAS-6(Revised), Risk Assessments and Internal Controls, identifies the three components of audit risk i.e. inherent risk, control risk and detection risk. Audit risk model: AR = IR x CR x DR. Where, AR= Audit risk (the risk that the auditor may unknowingly fail to appropriately modify his or her opinion on financial statements that are materially misstated) IR = Inherent risk (the risk that an assertion is susceptible to a material misstatement, assuming there are no related controls) CR = Control risk (the risk that a material misstatement that could occur in an assertion will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by the entitys internal control) DR = Detection risk (the risk that the auditor will not detect a material misstatement that exists in an assertion) The objective in an audit is to limit audit risk to a low level, as judged by the auditor. When conducting an audit, the auditor should consider materiality and its relationship with audit risk. The level of detection risk can be considered only after considering the level of inherent and control risks. While planning an audit, the auditor should keep in mind that the audit risk is to be kept at an acceptably low level. The range, efficiency, efficacy, nature and timing of the procedures performed by the auditor will determine the level (i.e. high or low) of detection risk The major purpose of audit risk models is to help the auditor to obtain a given degree of confidence that the financial statements do not contain a material error. Economic considerations are not explicitly taken into account, and the focus is rather on effective audit risk control. In the second approach, audit decision models are more comprehensive in nature as compared to audit risk models: a broader set of factors are taken into account (such as, audit risk, audit costs, etc.). This type of model may serve as an aid for auditors to identify an efficient and cost effective way by which a suitable level (i.e., cost minimizing) of confidence can be achieved. Audit risk is fundamental to the audit process because auditors cannot and do not attempt to check all transactions. It would be impossible to check all of transactions, and no one would be prepared to pay for the auditors to do so, hence the importances of the riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœbased approach toward auditing. Traditionally, auditors have used a risk-based approach in order to minimize the chance of giving an inappropriate audit opinion, and audits conducted in accordance with ISAs must follow the risk based approach, which should also help to ensure that audit work is carried out efficiently, using the most effective tests based on the audit risk assessment. Auditors should direct audit work to the key risks (sometimes also described as significant risks), where it is more likely that error in transactions and balances will lead to a material misstatement in the financial statements. It would be inefficient to address insignificant risks in a high level of detail, and whether a risk is classified as a key risk or not is a matter of judgment for the auditor. Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) establish a model for carrying out audits that requires auditors to use their judgment in assessing risks and then in deciding what procedures to carry out. This model often is referred to as the audit risk model. The model allows auditors to take a variety of circumstances into account in selecting an audit approach. For example, the model calls for auditors to have an understanding of the clients business and industry, the systems employed to process transactions, the quality of personnel involved in accounting functions, the clients policies and procedures related to the preparation of financial statements, and much more. The model requires auditors to gain an understanding of a companys internal control, and to test the effectiveness of controls if the auditor intends to rely on them when considering the nature, timing and extent of the substantive tests to be carried out. For example, if controls over sales and accounts receivable are strong, the auditor might send a limited number of accounts receivable confirmation requests at an interim date and rely on the controls and certain other tests for updating the accounts to year end. Conversely, if controls are not strong, the auditor might send a larger number of accounts receivable confirmations at year end. The model requires an assessment of the risk of fraud (intentional misstatements of financial statements) in every audit. Based on the auditors assessment of various risks and any tests of controls, the auditor makes judgments about the kinds of evidence (from sources that are internal or external to the clients organization) needed to achieve reasonable assurance. On the one hand, GAAS set forth numerous requirements or matters that auditors should consider; on the other hand, the need to exercise audit judgment is embedded throughout GAAS. Handbook Section 5130, Materiality and Audit Risk in Conducting an Audit. Approved recently by the CICAs Auditing Standard Committee (AuSC), explains the meaning of the terms material misstatement and audit risk and looks at the objective of an audit. In short, while any decision involving materiality, audit risk and the extent of testing will ultimately come down to a question of professional judgments, it is hoped Section 5130, by providing some tools to assist with those judgments, will helps improve audit quality and reduce the potential for under over auditing. Walker, Robert (Mar 1990) answer question why spend time to asses audit risk? The real reason reliance on the internal control is less efficient than reliance

Flouridation :: essays research papers fc

Flouridation In 1931 at the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station M. C. Smith, E. M. Lantz, and H. V. Smith discovered that when given drinking water supplied with fluorine, rats would develop tooth defects. Further testing by H. T. Dean and E. Elove of the United States Public Health Service confirmed this report, and stated that what is known as mottled tooth. Mottled tooth is a condition in which white spots develop on the back teeth. Gradually the white spots get darker and darker until the tooth is eroded completely. This was believed to be caused by fluorine in drinking water (Behrman pg. 181).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A strong uproar was heard when this was released and people wanted all fluorine out of their water. But later tests concluded that communities with high levels of fluorine in their drinking water suffered less dental cavities. Further testing concluded that at least 1.0 parts per million of fluorine could help to prevent cavities, but more than 1.5 PPM would cause mottled tooth, so basically a little fluorine would be okay but a lot of fluorine would be bad (Behrman 182).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1938, with this information, Dr. Gerald Cox of the Mellon Institute began to promote the addition of fluoride to public water systems, claiming that it would reduce tooth decay, however there were two major obstacles in his path, The American Medical Association, and The American Dental Association. Both associations wrote articles in their journals about the dangers of fluoridation of water supplies. The American Dental Association wrote the following in the October 1, 1944 issue: â€Å"We do know the use of drinking water containing as little as 1.2 to 3.0 parts per million of fluorine will cause such developmental disturbances in bones as osteoslcerosis, spondylosis and osteoperosis, as well as goiter, and we cannot afford to run the risk of producing such serious systemic disturbances in applying what is at present a doubtful procedure intended to prevent development of dental disfigurements among children.† (Yiamouyiannis pg. 138)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite these warnings Dr. Cox continued to promote fluoridation of water supplies and even convinced a Wisconsin dentist, J. J. Frisch to promote the addition of fluoride to water supplies in his book, The Fight For Fluoridation. Frisch soon garnered the support of Frank Bull. Frank Bull organized political campaigns in order to persuade local officials to endorse fluoridation. This began to apply heavy pressure on the United States Public Health Service and the American Dental Association. (Yiamouyiannis pg. 139)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1945 before any tests had been proven to show that fluoride reduced cavities, it was added to the drinking water supply of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome: Absence of Light and Life

Absence of Light and Life in Ethan Frome Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton is set in Starkfield, a small community plagued by harsh winters that seem to ebb away at life. In this town lives Ethan Frome, a crippled man who seems to be the physical embodiment of mortal suffering. An new arrival to the town, is drawn by Ethan. He is compelled to uncover the story behind the enigmatic man. What he discovers is a tragic tale of human suffering, an excellent example of tragic irony. Ethan was married to a cold complaining woman named Zenobia, nicknamed Zeena. His only joy in life was Zeena's younger cousin Mattie Silver, who stays with them as help for Zeena in her illness. Ethan grows to love Mattie. When Mattie is forced to leave by Zenobia, Ethan discovers that Mattie shares his love. However the two cannot find a way to escape the town they live in to start a new life together. Caught up in a rush of passion, they try to commit suicide and fail. Ethan is crippled and Mattie is paralyzed. They can now never leave town for a life together. And Ethan is doomed to a life of silence with two complaining women. Edith Wharton's writing style in Ethan Frome is impeccable. On the surface, Ethan Frome is simply a good story. Mrs. Wharton however adds incredible depth by the careful use of description, and symbolism. And her use of irony makes the tragedy of the story even more poignant. An excellent example of the symbolism in the book is the relationship between the weather of starkfield and the main characters of the book. Ethan Frome is living proof of what winters in Starkfield do to the human soul. As the narrator exclaims in the prologue, "Why, he looks as if he were dead and in hell now!". A close examination of Mrs. W... ...ave, it seemed to Ethan that she had become "an alien presence, an evil energy secreted from the long years of silent brooding." Ethan was drawn to Mattie because she represented all things summer and happiness to him. He rejected Zeena who had become the living symbol of silence, winter and unhappiness. The tragic irony of Ethan Frome was that after the "smash-up" Mattie became the complaining cold person while Zeena has to take on Mattie's role as a caretaker. Ethan is now a cripple who can only stay during the long winters of Starkfield. And also the long winters of moral isolation of silence and unhappiness and brood on what might have been. As Ethan comments in the prologue on his experience in the warmth of Florida winters, "Yes: I was down there once, and for a good while afterward I could call up the sight of it in a winter. But now its all snowed under."

US department of education should be abolished Essay -- Persuasive, Ed

Discussing the topic of education Thomas Jefferson asserted â€Å"I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them but to inform their discretion.† (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1976) . Educating future American generations was a discussion topic during the nation’s founding. President Jefferson, like many founders, politicians and scholars stressed the importance of educating the people. Knowledge was an important factor in a healthy Republic. Recent politicians have taken a stance against the Department of Education. Considering the importance of education, why would anyone take a stance against education? The current stance is not against education but instead it is against the Department of Education. The founders did not envision education controlled by the federal government; instead th ey proclaimed support for state governed education with federal assistance. More than two hundred years passed without a U.S. Department of Education, because people feared government meddling in education. Those fears are coming to fruition. Today the U.S. Department of Education is a Bureaucratic nightmare. The department continues to grow in both size and expense with little progress shown. The American people fear that their children will not receive a proper education without the department. This fear is propagated by the department itself. After all they have to make a living. At least two different federal education plans developed since the department started operations. Therefore, The Department of Education should be abolished because the American people did no... ...as tasked in 1981 to collect information and survey the status of education. The commission was to prepare a report for the Secretary of Education and the President within 18 months. Studies had shown that American students were scoring lower on tests than their counterparts in other nations including, Japan, South Korea and Germany (The National Commission of Excellence in Education, 1983). This fear was the driving force behind the commissioning. The commission produced A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform in April 1983 meeting the prescribed deadline. The commission declared that American education had been backsliding since the Soviets launched Sputnik. Illiteracy had risen and average test scores declined during that time period. American industry was losing ground to Japan in Automobiles, South Korea in Steel and Germany in machine tools.

History Of The Cuban Missile Crisis History Essay

The Bay of Pigs was the operation that was designed as any agencies of subverting the authorities without uncovering that the United States engagement in the operation. The program was originally called for the gradual build-up of anti-Castro forces within Cuba into a political and military motion. However the programs rapidly changed into a all-out invasion, with the budget spread outing from $ 4 million good over to $ 46 million and the CIA preparation and providing anti-Castro Cuban expatriates to Cuba. In 1956 Fidel Castro led a Guerrilla Force in a rebellion against the authorities place of Fulgencio Batista. During the old ages in 1959 Batista fled the state, and Castro so became leader of Cuba ‘s new radical government. Castro made credence of these atomic missiles from the Soviet Union which so led to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Anterior towards this revolution the United States had a important influence in Cuba ‘s economic and political personal businesss, But Castro ‘s new authorities refused to be influenced by the United States. The United States grew in fright that Castro would set up a new communism government in Cuba, so the United States applied economic force per unit area and in 1960 an trade stoppage that cut off trade between the United States and Cuba. In an attempt to destruct Castro ‘s authorities, the United States trained and armed a anti-Castro Cuban exiles populating in the United States. These expatriates invaded Cuba in 1961, with a landing at the Bay of Pigs. Castro ‘s ground forces easy defeated the expatriates. His triumph during the Bay of Pigs invasion strengthened Castro ‘s control over Cuba. During this most Cubans resented the United States intercession in Cuban dealingss and they railed behind Castro, who declared that Cuba was a Communist state. The Cuban Missile Crisis marked the point at which the Cold War began to dissolve. The Cuban Missile Crisis ( known as The October Crisis in Cuba ) was a confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War. In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet authoritiess began to sneakily construct bases in Cuba for a figure of medium- and intermediate-range ballistic atomic missiles ( MRBMs and IRBMs ) with the ability to strike most of the Continental United States. This action followed the 1958 deployment of Thor IRBMs in the UK and Jupiter IRBMs to Italy and Turkey in 1961 – more than 100 U.S.-built missiles holding the capableness to strike Moscow with atomic payloads. On October 14, 1962, a United States U-2 photoreconnaissance plane captured photographic cogent evidence of Soviet missile bases under building in Cuba. The resulting crisis ranks with the Berlin Blockade as one of the major confrontations of the Cold War and is by an d large regarded as the minute in which the Cold War came closest to turning into a atomic struggle. [ 1 ] The United States considered assailing Cuba via air and sea and settled on a military â€Å" quarantine † of Cuba. The U.S. announced that it would non allow violative arms to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the Soviets dismantle the missile bases already under building or completed in Cuba and take all violative arms. The Kennedy disposal held a slender hope that the Kremlin would hold to their demands, and expected a military confrontation. On the Soviet terminal, Nikita Khrushchev wrote in a missive to Kennedy that his quarantine of â€Å" pilotage in international Waterss and air infinite to represent an act of aggression impeling world into the abysm of a universe nuclear-missile war. † from the Cuban Missile Crisis, peculiarly after Khrushchev was relieved of his place as leader, there was a conjunct attempt on both parts for weaponries control, ensuing in the sign language of many bilateral understandings. the Cuban Missile Crisis highlighted the importance of a clear and direct system of communicating between Moscow and Washington. During the crisis, the two leaders communicated with each other through missive authorship, which proved to be a really slow signifier of communicating, peculiarly in such a tense clip. So, in 1963, an understanding was reached, the Hot-line Treaty, ab initio utilizing teletype, telegraph and radio-telegraph communicating links. Of class with the development of new engineerings, these communicating links have been upgraded. At the recent fortieth anniversary conference on the Cuban Missile Crisis, it was noted that â€Å" the lessons learned from the missile crisis might help those of us who are interested in cut downing the hazard of atomic calamity in the twenty-first century † . In decision, a the major ground that a military struggle was averted was the cooperation between Kennedy and Khrushchev and their committedness to peace. Neither was willing to pay war, specially non Russia since their missile bases in Cuba were unfinished. Kchruschev would non hold been willing to support Cuba from American invasion anyhow, suppose a war did interrupt out. Many things could hold changed the class of the crisis to the point of catastrophe: if Kennedy had chosen to utilize air work stoppages, if Russia had crossed the quarantine line, if Kchruschev did n't hold to peace, if the missile bases had been finished. Fortunately these things were n't, and the universe was saved from a potentially ruinous atomic war.

Market Power

Market power allows firms to increase economic profit through strategic tactics such as erecting barriers to entry, reducing rivalry, limiting substitutes, and reducing the power of buyers and suppliers (Brickley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009). Furthermore, market power is defined as â€Å"a company's ability to manipulate price by influencing an item's supply, demand or both. A company with market power would be able to affect price to its benefit. Firms with market power are said to be â€Å"price makers† as they are able to set the price for an item while maintaining market share† (Investopedia, 2013).Essentially, companies must control all of the aspects of market power in order to be able to raise prices without losing customers. If a market is easy to enter (lack of entry barriers), then a price increase will allow another firm to erode profits by introducing a lower-cost product. Similarly, if rivalry is not reduced, each price increase will allow for a rival to keep prices the same and gain market share. In addition, substitutes at lower prices will hinder efforts to raise prices. Finally, if a company has few buyers, the buyers have the power. Therefore, price increases will be met with a potential loss of major profit centers.In the NBC Video News Report: How to Raise Prices Without Losing Customers, Bob Prosen alludes to several practices that allow companies to raise customers without losing demand. Essentially, Prosen provides consultation on how to create inelastic demand, where a change in price does not result in a significant change of demand. For example, increasing the value proposition reduces the likelihood of substitute products (substitutes must copy increased value) and decreases rivalry (steps above rivals), resulting in the greater market power needed to raise prices.Prosen states that increasing value makes the customer appreciate the company more, resulting in the ability to raise price (Ramberg, 2012). As another example, Prosen stresses the importance of developing relationships, â€Å"people like to do business with people they like† (Ramberg, 2012). Essentially, Prosen is suggesting erecting barriers to entry by creating friendships and alliances, again resulting in increased market power needed to raise prices. As a capstone example of the need for market power, Research byMark McCabe of the Georgia Institute of Technology demonstrates the market power of academic journal vendors. Essentially, McCabe found that the consolidation of academic journal vendors (libraries) has led to an oligopoly, and therefore the price structure of academic journals is highly inelastic (McCabe, 2000). Because recent mergers had resulted in few suppliers, vendors of academic journals were able to control the market and raise prices through the use of supplier power. The demand for quality research for use in education cannot change; it is required.Therefore, a change in price will not result in a drop in deman d. References Brickley, J. A. , Smith, C. W. , & Zimmerman, J. L. (2009). Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Investopedia. (2013, March 20). Market Power. Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/market-power. asp McCabe, M. J. (2000). Academic Journal Pricing and Market Power:. THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, 259-269. JJ Ramberg (Author). MSNBC (Publisher). (07/20/2008). How to Raise Prices Without Losing

A Comparative Essay Of The Poems ‘Salome’ (C.A.Duffy) and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ (S.Plath) Essay

‘Salome’ by Carol Ann Duffy and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ by Sylvia Plath have many similarities and differences. ‘Salome’ is ostensibly a poem about an individual, most likely a woman, who wakes up and finds ‘a head on the pillow’ beside them. The poem continues to detail their immediate actions and finally reveals that this head is in fact ‘on a platter’. ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ appears on the surface to describe the empowerment felt by an individual as they explore their control over a box of bees. An interesting similarity is both poets are female. C. A. Duffy was born in Glasgow in 1995 and is the eldest of five children. Plath was born in 1932 and was born in Boston. If you read the poems from a biographical perspective it is possible to identify certain factors which the poet has included due to their personal circumstances. Personally, I believe that both C. A. Duffy and S. Plath have points to make. For example, Duffy’s poem could be seen to have many links to the role of woman in society and the power they possess over their male counterparts. This mental attitude, which has filtered through into her poetry, could stem from the fact she is the first women and the first openly gay person to hold the position of Britain’s poet laureate. Similarly, ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ contains subversive ideas of power and possibly connotations to women taking an untraditional role in society. In ‘Salome’ the pace, tone, rhythm and structure are all fractured. This is very effective as it reflects the psychological standing of the voice in the poem. The effect is created through the techniques of enjambment and rhetorical questions and these can be observed in the fifth line â€Å"what did it matter? â€Å". The line is isolated and this draws the reader’s attention to it. Alongside this the rhetorical question then compels the reader to think â€Å"what did it matter? †. This emphasises the point to the reader that it does matter and is very important in the given context of the poem. By contrast, ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ is made from six uniform stanzas of five lines. There is little by way of caesura and it therefore differs greatly, in terms of structure at least, from ‘Salome’. Personally, I believe this is because the speaker is portrayed as being more collected and comfortable with the received power, relative to the voice in ‘Salome’. The second line is an excellent example; â€Å"Square as a chair and almost too heavy to lift. † The rhyme of ‘square’ and ‘chair’ gives a positive sound and in turn this can be seen to signify control and enjoyment of power. The above evidence suggests that C. A. Duffy and S. Plath both have different ideas on which way structurally is best to communicate their ideas. However, I believe the free structure of ‘Salome’ adds more than the rigid structure of ‘The Arrival of The Bee Box’ as it generates an extra dimension in which readers can have more freedom to interpret the desired meaning of the poem themselves. Integral to both poems is the theme of power and the relation it has with the owner, especially women. The similarity and hegemony is this attack on the stereotypical views that if allowed to stand could drive woman to the periphery of society. In ‘Salome’ the voice is somewhat of a ‘player’ and it is this scopophilic attitude which generates Duffy’s point. In a modern society it is often seen as ‘cool’ or ‘macho’ for a male to sleep with many women. By contrast, if females replicate these actions then they stand a high chance of being bombarded with derogatory terms. It would appear that S. Plath would chose to focus more on the interest of power. She refers to different times in history (Greek, Slave Trade, Roman). This sets quite a theatrical atmosphere because referring to these superpowers through the ages helps the reader to appreciate the importance of power in our society both in the past, present and future. It highlights the fact that in Duffy’s opinion (and I agree) that it is embedded in humans to seek out power and control others. Overall, both poets have similar themes in their poems but chose to express them in different ways. A similarity between both poems is that they make allusions to either religious names or different parts of the Bible. C. A. Duffy in ‘Salome’ chooses to use iconic Christian names such as John and Peter. Whereas S. Plath uses the concept of a heaven; â€Å"There is the laburnum, its blond colonnades, And the petticoats of the cherry. † The description of this utopian setting could be linked to the feelings felt by the voice in ‘Salome’ when she/it says ‘I saw my eyes glitter†¦and ain’t life a bitch’. The voice sounds as though it is satisfied, justice has been done and it has reached a metaphorical destination. This destination, in my opinion, is that the voice feels like they have somehow reached equality by committing this grotesque act. A large influence in terms of language in both poems is the personal pronoun ‘I’. This similarity is most likely due to the recurring them of power in each poem. The narrators are trying to express that they are the ones in charge. The language in both poems is very simplistic but the words can be used in quite complex ways. Both poets have chosen not to overcomplicate their language and I think they have made their poems very accessible to all people. Colours are used in both poems for different effects. In ‘Salome’ the ‘red sheets’ could signify the anger felt by the voice for the injustices that have driven them to undertake the atrocity. In ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ ‘the petticoats of the cherry’ and the ‘blond colonnades’ are used as the colours of the heaven. The use of colours is different in each poem but both work well. In conclusion, I feel that Carol Ann Duffy and Sylvia Plath are both very successful in presenting their ideas in the two poems. The poems are left open to interpretation and depending on the type of reading you undertake (colonial, biographical, etc) they can mean different things to different people. However, I personally feel that ‘Salome’ is more interesting and mesmerising to the reader. This is most likely due to the fact I found ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ too abstract for me and I found it difficult to grasp. I think the poems have opened my eyes not only to the inequalities felt by certain groups of society but also to the disparities across the globe in general.

Introduction to Medical Technology

Introduction WHAT IS A MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY? Have you ever been to a play? When the audience comes to see the show, they see the actors and actresses perform. What they don't see are the many crew members who work backstage on lighting and sound and sets. These people don't get to take a bow at the end of the show, but they are very important to the success of the play. In the hospital, the medical technologists are like crew members in a play. Patients don't often see them, but they are vital members of the healthcare team.Medical technologists (also known as clinical laboratory scientists) are professionals who work in the hospital laboratory, performing a wide range of tests. Doctors make many of their decisions about diagnosis and treatment of disease based on laboratory test results. It is the responsibility of the medical technologist to provide accurate and precise data. Because they may hold life and death in their hands, the medical technologist must know when results are inco rrect and need to be rechecked.Medical technologists do everything from simple pregnancy tests, to monitoring antibiotic drug therapy, to complex testing that uncovers disease like diabetes, AIDS, and cancer. They do all this testing by operating microscopes, complex electronic equipment, computers, and precision instruments costing millions of dollars. Medical technology has embedded itself in our culture and has been a positive and powerful force in the improvement of life for millions of people.However, for every yin there is a yang, and with all things that are positive, there is also a negative component that must not be ignored. Most Americans are familiar with the benefits of technology, specifically medical technologies; the media reports on these benefits every day. However, it is not often that physicians have the opportunity to discuss what has been given up or lost as a result of using these same technologies. This commentary is about those unintended consequences result ing from our use of technology, in particular, physicians' use of medical technologies.

Part 1 of the document Gaudium et Spes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Part 1 of the document Gaudium et Spes - Essay Example He perceives it to be Vatican II’s declaration of the Church’s readiness to conduct a meaningful dialogue with the world. Marbacher holds that the biblical and philosophical foundation for this dialogue is the relationship between man and God and the relationship between men. He then describes Gaudiun et Spes’ proposals regarding the nature of this dialogue and its consequence to the Church. Marbacher points out that Gaudiun et Spes is the concrete expression of the desire of Vatican Council II to â€Å"explain to everyone how it conceives the presence and activity of the Church in the world of today† (Marbacher, 1). The pastoral constitution emphasizes that â€Å"honest dialogue† in inextricably linked with the Church’s mission to spread the gospel throughout the entire world. Marbacher indicates that the foundation for the recommended dialogue between the Church and the world is based on three factors: (1) The dialogue between God and men which is amply documented in the Bible (2) The dialogue between men which goes back to the dialogues of Socrates. (3) The dialogue between the Church and men: this is perceived by the Church to be the â€Å"eloquent proof of its solidarity with, as well as its respect and love for the entire human family† (Marbacher, 3). Gaudium et Spes recognizes that dialogue is basis of human existence , the path to a â€Å"deeper level of interpersonal relationships† (Marbacher, 2) and the essential instrument in tackling problems of culture, labor relations and world trade The purpose of the dialogue is to express the Church’s solidarity with all men, including non-believers. It is a mark of respect â€Å"to those who think or act differently than we do in social, political and even religious matters† (M arbacher, 3). It is Vatican Council II’s practical acknowledgement of the liberty of conscience and diversity. Marcbacher attempts to reconcile the Church’s position on dialogue with

Art of America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art of America - Research Paper Example This painting was done between 1503 and 1506 (Mayhew, 46). Leonardo Da Vinci connected pyramid structure to place the woman tranquilly and basically in the place the fine art. Her neck, face and breast glow with the same magnitude of the light that forms her hands. The light is therefore able to give a number of surfaces and underlying geometry of circles and spheres. The woman is depicted sitting upright while folding her arms, which is a sign of her held posture. It is only her gaze which is well directed to the observer and this gaze seems to welcome the observer in silence. This woman appears very alive in a very unusual measure. It can be deducted that there is an intimate conversation between the lady and the observer (Jeanne). This paint became more famous when it was stolen and then recovered. It was believed that it had been lost forever, but after two years it was recovered after one of the employees had stolen

Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations Essay

Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations - Essay Example The essay "Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations" overviews some of the contributions from the Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations that still influence the modern world. For instance, the economic, that we practice in the modern times, is majorly influenced by the pre-historic times. Basic pottery and articles used in the homes of people are the contributions of the pre-historic civilizations. There are various contributions that the Egyptian civilization made in terms of humanistic grounds that are widely practiced in the present times. Despite the initial lack of alphabets, Egyptians were able to invent the art of expression through writing. Egyptians also made a groundbreaking contribution to astronomy. They created a calendar on the basis of prediction of an eclipse that was followed by sowing seeds and harvesting the crops. In addition, Egyptian civilization contributed in the field of medical as they were able to preserve the dead bodies by using compounds and mixtures. In this similar manner, they were able to undertake surgery. Mesopotamian civilizations left the tool i.e. art of creating artifacts that are used to represent the ideas and technology of the past for future generations. The irrigation system used in the present times has the base from the Mesopotamian civilization. Through the above assessment of different contributions from the three civilizations, it can be stated that present times are full of comforts and tools that were created in the past by our ancestors.

The Role of Social Media in Managing Customer Relationships Essay

The Role of Social Media in Managing Customer Relationships - Essay Example The varied functional purpose of the organizations include domains like sales, marketing, training professional development, performance management and Human Resource (HR) Development (Cheng Shen, et al., 2010). The major focus should be on effective and timely implementation of the CRM techniques along with its integration with other software programs. The implementation of CRM techniques would require too much installation of procedures which is a time consuming process and also expensive. The overall implementation of CRM application and tools would have high costs associated with it and may not be suitable with the technological environment of the company. The varied technologies have enabled the managers to understand the relevance of CRM, that directly affects and influences the marketing activities and which leads to an increase in the organizational outcome. This has also fostered the relationship between the marketing manager and the customers through collaborative forces of technologies and systems. 1.2.1 Business to Business & Business to Consumer Differences in CRM Conceptual Theory In business to business relationships the conceptual theory is regarded highly for maintaining relationships and then developing incentives accordingly. The conceptual theory can be applicable only to business to business relationships (Mink and Georgi, 2013). On the other hand it helps the corporate customers to develop incentives which would motivate the individual hobbyist to participate in users communities of social media. For consumers, there would be development of customer equity model, customer equity would include desperate measures of calculating the customer needs and requirements and then develop... This essay approves that people are generally prone to engagement in relationship and social marketing tools and the recent advancement in technology will help in maintenance of enhanced customer relationships. It is fair to presume, that the relationship between the different organizational members is quite different from the consumers sector. The methods of social media marketing are also very different and they take into account the planning and implementation of marketing into consideration. The consumer and industrial sector is greatly influenced by the CRM technology integration and the main reason being so would be the construction of organizational capabilities. This report makes a conclusion that relationship marketing is a strategy which is designed to foster customer loyalty, long term engagement and interaction. The development of varied CRM tools would focus more on customer retention and acquisition. These strategies were designed to develop stronger connection with customers by providing them with information related to organizational growth and development. The author of the study has revealed the benefits and non benefits associated with the CRM strategy and its implementation. The variable factors affecting the social media marketing have to be kept into consideration, while developing effective marketing strategies for the betterment of the organizational development systems. Social networking websites are very powerful tools that can be useful as well as harmful to an individual and business enterprise. It has benefitted the common people by providing jobs to millions of people. The usage of social networking websites should be d one cautiously and judiciously.